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A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation where the operator, an individual or organization, pays returns to its investors from new capitalpaid to the operators by new investors, rather than from profit earned by the operator. Operators of Ponzi schemes usually entice new investors by offering higher returns than other investments, in the form of short-term returns that are either abnormally high or unusually consistent. The perpetuation of the high returns requires an ever-increasing flow of moneyfrom new investors to sustain the scheme.The scheme is named after Charles Ponzi, who became notorious for using the technique in 1920. The idea, present in novels (for example, Charles Dickens' 1844 novel Martin Chuzzlewit and 1857 novel Little Dorrit each described such a scheme), was actually performed in real life by Ponzi who with his operation took in so much money that it was the firstto become known throughout the United States. Ponzi's original scheme was based on the arbitrage of international reply coupons for postage stamps; however, he soon diverted investors' money to make payments toearlier investors and himself.

龐氏騙局（又稱為「非法集資」、「非法吸金」或「種金」、老鼠會）是層壓式推銷方式的一種，參與者要先付一筆錢作為入會代價，而所賺的錢是來自其他新加入的參加者，而非公司本身透過業務所賺的錢。投資者通過不斷吸引新的投資者加入付錢，以支付上線投資者，通通常在短時間內獲得回報。但隨著更多人加入，資金流入不足，騙局泡沫爆破時，最下線的投資者便會蒙受金錢損失。1980年代台灣曾爆發轟動一時的非法吸金案──「鴻源」案，也就是拉下線收入會費，以賺取佣金的老鼠會。這種金融犯罪英文稱為 Ponzi scheme（以主謀Charles Ponzi為名），中文常翻成龐茲騙局，但若意譯成「非法吸金」則更易理解。